Before you go full chemistry nerd, you need a test. Not just a glance at the water—get a proper, certified lab test for coliform bacteria. It’s like checking the guest list before you throw a party. Most local health departments or private labs will run this for around $30 to $50. Do it. Don’t guess. (I once guessed my water was fine and spent a week boiling water for coffee. Never again.)
If the test comes back positive, don’t throw your well pump in the trash. It just means there’s a pathway for surface water or dirt to sneak in. It’s fixable. I promise.